Buoyancy adjustment back pack

ABSTRACT

A buoyancy adjustment back pack for use by divers. The back pack is capable of supporting a usual air tank or tanks but also includes a compartment containing a pelleted or fluent mass which can be partly jettisoned to adjust the buoyancy of the diver, or completely jettisoned in an emergency.

United States Patent Walters [451 June 20, 1972 [54] BUOYANCY ADJUSTMENT BACK 3,374,636 3/1968 Mason ..61/70 PACK 3,263,432 8/1966 Maskell ..6l/70 [72] Inventor: William D. Walters, 2940 Andros Ave., OTHER PUBLICATIONS Costa Mesa Cahf' 92626 U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, August, 1964, pages 54 & [22] Filed: Aug. 10, 1970 62 relied upon. [211 App! 62450 Primary Examiner-J. Karl Bell Attorney-Fulwider, Patton, Rieber, Lee & Utecht [52] U.S. Cl. ..6l/69, 114/16 R 51 int. Cl. ..B63C 11/30 [57] ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search ..61/69, 70; l 14/ 16 K2126 A y y adjustment back p for use y divers The back pack is capable of supporting a usual air tank or tanks but also includes a compartment containing a pelleted or fluent mass [56] References Cited which can be partly jettisoned to adjust the buoyancy of the UNITED STATES PATENTS diver, or completely jettisoned in an emergency.

3,161,028 12/1964 Odum et al ..6l/69 R 5Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDaunzo 19. 2 3. 670,509

VENTOR, Wan/9M a [6644 7-5125 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a back pack for a diver and more particularly to a back pack for adjustment of the buoyancy of the diver.

2. Description of the Prior Art A SCUBA" diver usually wears a back pack strapped to his person to provide a means for supporting an air tank or tanks. The back pack is easily unstrapped so that the diver can quickly surface without the tank if necessary. In addition, the diver normally wears a weight belt to overcome his natural positive buoyancy and to enable him to dive without extra effort. It is important that the weight belt be strapped on after the back pack and other equipment is donned so that the weight belt can be quickly jettisoned in case of an emergency.

In addition to the weight belt it is common for a diver to also wear an inflatable life vest. Although the life vest is useful to float the diver on the surface in an emergency, and is useful to a limited extent to aid the diver in reaching the surface, it is particularly useful in adjusting the buoyancy of the diver during a dive. That is, it is not always possible to accurately predict the amount of weight which a diver must wear in order to achieve neutral buoyancy, or slightly positive buoyancy, as preferred, so the diver uses his life vest to adjust his buoyancy by merely inflating the life vest to overcome any tendency to negative buoyancy. Such negative buoyancy may be present for a number of reasons, such as a gain in weight of the diver since the last dive; too much weight on the weight belt; or compression of the foam cells in the divers wet suit at divin depths.

The use of a weight belt is a nuisance because it is heavy and difficult to handle, the weights are in a poor position for hydrodynamic stability of the diver, and the belt cannot be jettisoned in an emergency if the hapless diver has buckled anything over the belt. In addition, the cast lead weights are relatively expensive and, because of their size, only approximate the buoyancy adjustment usually needed. A finer buoyancy adjustment is possible with the inflatable life vest, but such a vest is quite expensive and, if one is not careful, the vest becomes partially filled with water when inflated under water.

SUMMARY According to the present invention a buoyancy adjustment back pack is provided which is capable of supporting an air tank for a diver, and which is also capable of providing the buoyancy adjustment functions of both a usual weight belt and an inflatable life vest.

More particularly, the back pack includes a harness system for attachment to the divers body, and further includes a compartment containing a fluent or pelleted mass such as inexpensive lead bird shot. The compartment is filled sufiiciently with these little pellets to provide an approximation of the desired buoyancy condition for the diver. By virtue of their size, the pellets permit this approximation to be quite precise. The container extends up over the small of the divers back so that the weight of the pelleted mass may more easily be borne by the diver, as compared to a cumbersome weight belt worn at the waist. I

The lower extremity of the compartment is normally closed by a gate which is movable by the diver, by means of a lanyard or the like, to allow the lead shot to flow or fall out of the compartment under the influence of gravity. By opening and closing the gate at the proper time a submerged diver can obtain a very good adjustment of his buoyancy from negative to neutral or even to positive. In this regard, the gate can be held open, or pulled away altogether, to jettison all of the fluent mass. This has the same efi'ect as the jettisoning of a conventional weight belt in an emergency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a buoyancy adjustment back pack according to the present invention, the back pack being illustrated as it would be used by a SCUBA diver to support an air tank;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the back pack of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 3- 3 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 4 4 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a view taken along the line 6-6 of FIG. 5; and

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 5.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a buoyancy adjustment back pack 10 comprising a generally vertically. elongated pack structure 12 configured to fit upon the back of a diver and including a harness 14 for mounting the pack structure 12 to the divers body over his wet suit 15. The pack structure 12 is hollow to define a compartment 16 generally coextensive with the structure 12 and having an outlet 18 in its lower portion. A pelleted or fluent mass consisting of lead shot 20 is located in the compartment 16 to impart negative buoyancy to the pack structure 12. The lead slot 20 is maintained in the compartment 16 by a laterally slidable closure or gate 22 which normally closes the outlet 18. The gate 22 is slidable in a complemental slot 23 by pulling upon a release ring 24 so that all or a portion of the lead shot 20 can be released or jettisoned from the compartment 16.

The pack structure 12 is preferably molded of a suitable plastic material and is adapted to support a usual air tank 26 with its associated air regulator apparatus. Since any suitable means may be used for mounting the air tank 26 upon the pack structure 12, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, details concerning mounting structure for this purpose are omitted for brevity. Likewise, the particular construction of the harness 14 is not important to the present invention since any harness 14 suitable to mount the air tank and associated apparatus in position is satisfactory. The harness 14 illustrated comprises a pair of straps 28 adapted to extend over the divers shoulders and about his waist. The free extremities of the straps 28 may be detachably secured together by a clamp or buckle 30, while the opposite or fixed extremities of the straps 28 are disposed through a series of slots 32 provided in the upper portion of the pack structure 12. The strap ends are stitched as illustrated to secure them to the pack structure .12.

The waist portions of the straps 28 are oriented for disposition about the waist by disposition of the straps through pairs of slots 34 at the sides of the pack structure 12.

The pack structure 12 is contoured to the natural shape of the diver's back and extends from the small of his back downwardly to his hip region. The structure 12 generally widens from top to bottom, except that the lowermost portion which mounts the gate 22 and its associated release system is somewhat reduced in width, as best viewed in FIG. 2. This configuration provides a comfortable pack structure wide enough in the region of the divers waist to accommodate the straps 28 and ofier lateral stability for the tank 26, and yet otherwise small enough not to be cumbersome.

As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 5-7, the gate 22 comprises an elongated, transversely oriented plate which is welded to an elongated, transversely oriented rod 36. The rod 36, which is integral with the release ring 24, extends through a transverse bore 38 provided in the lower wall portion of the pack structure l2 and opening into the gate slot 23. Both the gate slot 23 and bore 38 extend laterally outwardly, as best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7.

A bias means or compression spring 40 is also located in the bore.38, being disposed about the rod 36 and bearing at its opposite extremities against the gate 22 and a retainer block or plug 42.

The plug 42 is releasably fitted or adversely bonded within a complemental opening provided in the side of the pack structure 12 at the outer terminii of the bore 38 and gate slot 23. The manner of securement or bonding is such that the securement or adhesive bond normally securely retains the spring 40, rod 36, and gate 22 in position interiorly of the retainer plug 42. However, the securement or bond fails under a deliberate, forcible pull by the diver upon the ring 24. This enables the plug 42 to disengage or separate from the pack structure 12 so that continued pulling upon the ring 24 pulls the rod 36, spring 40, and gate 22 completely out of the pack structure 12. If desired, the plug 42 may be made of a light polystyrene foam or the like so that it will itself fail upon forcible pulling upon the release ring 24, and thereby enable separation of the gate 22 from the pack structure 12.

In operation, the diver uses the harness 14 to strap the back pack and air tank 26 in position in the usual manner, except that he does not use a weight belt. As previously indicated, the back pack 10 incorporates a sufficient quantity of the lead shot 20 in the compartment 16 to compensate for the divers natural positive buoyancy. It is also unnecessary for the diver to utilize an inflatable life vest for buoyancy adjustment during the diving operation since, as will be seen, the back pack 10 enables such adjustment by jettisonment of a portion of the lead shot 20.

Once the diver dons his self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, including the air regulator and tank 26, he descends in the usual manner. Assuming that the weight of the lead shot 20 has already been adjusted so that his buoyancy is approximately neutral, the diver will soon experience an apparent negative buoyancy as the air cells in his wet suit compress and the wet suit 15 displaces less water. This condition is usually undesirable because it means the diver must continually exert an effort to stay off the ocean bottom, for example.

The diver may reestablish a state of neutral buoyancy by jettisoning part of the lead shot 20. This is done by pulling laterally outwardly on the ring 24 until the gate 22 uncovers a small portion of the opening 18 to allow some of the lead shot 20 to fall out of the compartment 16. When the diver experiences the condition of buoyancy desired, he releases the ring 24. The bias of the spring 40 acts against the gate 22 and urges it to the closed position illustrated in FIG. 5.

In an emergency situation it is desired to jettison all of the lead shot 20 in order to reach the surface quickly, the diver may pull the ring 24 outwardly and keep it pulled outwardly against the bias of the spring 40 until all of the lead shot 20 drops out of the compartment 16. Alternatively, the diver can forcibly pull upon the ring 24 to tear the plug 42 out of its seat in the pack structure 12. This enables the whole assembly of the gate 22, rod 36, and spring 40 to slide out of the bore 38 and the slot 23 so that the compartment outlet 18 is completely uncovered. All of the lead shot 20 then pours out of the compartment 16 without further attention of the diver.

The back pack 10 has been described in connection with a SCUBA" diving operation, but it is similarly applicable to other types of diving as well, such as free diving and hard hat" diving.

buoyancy.

The disposition of the lead shot 20 throughout a substantial portion of the back pack, particularly that portion which normally is located above the divers waist, provides improved hydrodynamic stability. There is no undesirable concentration of weight at the waist, as in the case with a conventional weight belt.

In addition to eliminating the usual weight belt, it will be apparent that the back pack 10 also eliminates any need to use an inflatable life vest to periodically adjust diver buoyancy during a diving operation, since small quantities of the lead shot 20 can be jettisoned at any time desired. This is particularly useful at the greater diving deptlB where the tendency toward negative buoyancy is more pronounced because of compression of the divers wet suit.

Various modifications and changes may be made with regard to the foregoing detailed description without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. A buoyancy adjustment back pack comprising:

a pack structure configured to fit upon a divers back and including harness means for mounting of said pack structure to the divers body, said pack structure further including a compartment having an outlet in its lower portion;

a mass of solidelements having a specific gravity greater than water and located in said compartment for imparting negative buoyancy to said pack structure to'establish the overall buoyancy of the diver and his equipment; and

gate means having a closed position for normally closing said outlet to retain said solid elements in said compartment, said gate means including release means operable for moving said gate means to an open position to open said outlet whereby said solid elements are enabled to flow out of said outlet, and for moving said gate means to a closed position to close said outlet whereby further flow of said solid elements out of said outlet is prevented.

2. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim I and including bias means operative to bias said gate means toward said closed position.

3. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim I wherein said pack structure is vertically elongated and said compartment extends between the upper and lower extremities of said pack structure whereby at least a portion of said mass is located in the upper portion of said pack structure for improved weight distribution during a diving operation.

4. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein said pack structure and said gate means are releasably interengaged whereby forcible operation of said release means disengages said gate means and said pack structure to jettison all of said mass.

5. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein said mass of solid elements comprises lead shot. 

1. A buoyancy adjustment back pack comprising: a pack structure configured to fit upon a diver''s back and including harness means for mounting of said pack structure to the diver''s body, said pack structure further including a compartment having an outlet in its lower portion; a mass of solid elements having a specific gravity greater than water and located in said compartment for imparting negative buoyancy to said pack structure to establish the overall buoyancy of the diver and his equipment; and gate means having a closed position for normally closing said outlet to retain said solid elements in said compartment, said gate means including release means operable for moving said gate means to an open position to open said outlet whereby said solid elements are enabled to flow out of said outlet, and for moving said gate means to a closed position to close said outlet whereby further flow of said solid elements out of said outlet is prevented.
 2. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 and including bias means operative to bias said gate means toward said closed position.
 3. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein said pack structure is vertically elongated and said compartment extends between the upper and lower extremities of said pack structure whereby at least a portion of said mass is located in the upper portion of said pack structure for improved weight distribution during a diving operation.
 4. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein said pack structure and said gate means are releasably interengaged whereby forcible operation of said release means disengages said gate means and said pack structure to jettison all of said mass.
 5. A buoyancy adjustment back pack according to claim 1 wherein said mass of solid elements comprises lead shot. 